Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Curtmantle, Fitzempress
• Occupation: Duke of Normandy
• Stories and Notes: King of England 1154–89. The son of Matilda and Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, he succeeded King Stephen (c. 1097–1154). He curbed the power of the barons, but his attempt to bring the church courts under control was abandoned after the murder of Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170. The English conquest of Ireland began during Henry's reign. On several occasions his sons rebelled, notably 1173–74. Henry was succeeded by his son Richard (I) the Lionheart. Henry was lord of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and Count of Anjou, Brittany, Poitou, Normandy, Maine, and Gascony. He claimed Aquitaine through marriage to the heiress Eleanor in 1152. Henry's many French possessions caused him to live for more than half his reign outside England. This made it essential for him to establish a judicial and administrative system which would work during his absence. His chancellor and friend, Becket, was persuaded to become archbishop of Canterbury in 1162 in the hope that he would help the king curb the power of the ecclesiastical courts. However, once consecrated, Becket felt bound to defend church privileges, and he was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral 1170 by four knights of the king's household. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland and received homage from the King of Leinster. In 1174 his three sons Henry, Richard and Geoffrey led an unsuccessful rebellion against their father.
• Stories and Notes: Movie Title: Becket Starring: Richard Burton as Thomas a Becket and Peter O'Toole as King Henry II Released: 1964 Production: Paramount
• To Lady Kathleen: 23 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1154 to 1189; King of England

Notes:

Occupation:
First of the Angevin kings. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and hisquarre l with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial andadministrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional impo rtance. Introduced trial by Jury.

Henry married Princess of Aquitaine Eleanor in 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, , Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke of Aquitaine William, X and Eleanor De Rochefoucauld) was born in 1122 in Bordeaux, , Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Abbey of Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , Anjou, , Rhone-Alpes, France; was buried in Abbey of Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , Anjou, , Rhone-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. King of England Richard Plantagenet, I, the lionhearted was born on 8 Sep 1157 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 6 Apr 1199 in Chalus, Aquitaine, England, United Kingdom; was buried in Abbey of Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , Anjou, , Rhone-Alpes, France.
2. Duke of Brittany Geoffrey Plantagenet, II was born in 1158; died in 1186.
3. Henry Plantagenet was born about 1160; died about 1220.
4. Princess of England Eleanor Plantagenet was born in 1162 in , , England, United Kingdom; died in 1214 in , , , Spain.
5. King of England John Plantagenet was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont, Cumberland, England, United Kingdom; died on 18 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom; was buried in Abbey of Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , Anjou, , Rhone-Alpes, France.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Geoffrey V, The Fair
• Occupation: Count of Anjou & Maine & Duke of Normandy 1144-1150.
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Geoffrey married Queen of England (disputed) Matilda on 22 May 1128 in LeMans, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of King of England Henry, I and Edith Canmore) was born in 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Rouen, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Matilda the Empress
• To Lady Kathleen: 24 x great grandmother
• Occupation: 1141 - 1148; Queen of England (disputed)

Notes:

Occupation:
She was designated Henry's heir, and at his death in 1135, Stephen siezed the throne and Matilda invaded England in 1139 inuagurating a period of inconclusive civil war. She and the second husband Geoffrey captured normandy and in 1152 the Treat y of Wallingford recognised Henry as Stephen's heir.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Fulk V, The Younger
• Occupation: Count of Maine
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent
• Occupation: 1131; King of Jerusalem - Upon the death of his 2nd Father-in-Law

Fulk married Ermengarde, of Maine in 1109. Ermengarde (daughter of Count of Maine Elias, I and Matilda De Chateau De Loire) was born in 1096 in Maine, , Poitou-Charentes, France; died in 1126. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Beauclerc, Lion of Justice
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 1100. Youngest son of William the Conqueror, he succeeded his brother William II. He won the support of the Saxons by granting them a charter and marrying a Saxon princess, Edith, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. She was known as Matilda after her marriage, a name more acceptable to the Norman Barons than her Saxon name Edith. Henry's daughter was also called Matilda. He was an able administrator, and established a professional bureaucracy and a system of travelling judges. He was called Beauclerc because of his scholarly interests. In 1101 his elder brother Robert, Duke of Normandy, attempted to seize the crown by invading England. However, after the Treaty of Alton, Robert agreed to recognise his brother Henry as King and returned to Normandy. They fought again in 1106 at Battle of Tinchebrai at which Robert was captured and Henry became Duke of Normandy as well as King of England. Henry's only legitimate son and heir, William, was drowned in 1120 in wreck of the White Ship and Henry tried to settle the succession on his daughter Matilda and her son Henry (later Henry II). However, Matilda widow of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, was unpopular when she re-married into the House of Anjou rival of the House of Normandy. The throne was taken by Henry's nephew Stephen, who, towards the end of his reign, agreed to adopt Matilda's son as his heir. Henry died in Normandy in 1135 of food poisoning according to legend from eating a 'surfeit of Lampreys' (an eel type fish). His body was taken to Rouen and then back to England where he was buried in Reading Abbey. The Abbey was subsequently destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries 1536 to 1541. Plans to try and locate his bones have been announced by the same team who found Richard III's remains in Leicester.
• Web Site: Britannia's Site Page about Henry I, Beauclerc - http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon24.html
• Web Site: Wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England
• To Lady Kathleen: 26 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1100 to 1135; King of England
• Occupation: 1106 to 1135; Duke of Normandy

Notes:

Occupation:
His reign is notable for important legal and administrative reforms, and for the final resolution of the investiture controversy. Abroad, he waged several campaigns in order to consolidate and expand his continental possessions. Was so hated b y his brothers that they vowed to disinherit him. In 1106 he captured Robert and held him until he died. He proved to be a hard but just ruler.

Henry married Edith Canmore on 11 Nov 1100. Edith (daughter of King of Scotland Malcolm Canmore, III and St. Margaret, of Scotland) was born in 1080 in Dunfermline, , Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; was buried in Westminister Abbey, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Edith - Margaret - Matilda - Maud of Scotland
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Fulk IV, The Rude
• Occupation: Count of Anjou
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Fulk married Bertrade De Montifort. Bertrade (daughter of Simon De Montifort, I and Agnes D'Evereux) was born in 1060; died in 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Helias
• Occupation: Count of Maine
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Elias married Matilda De Chateau De Loire. Matilda (daughter of Gervais De Chateau De Loire and Erenburg) died in Mar 1099. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : William I, The Conqueror
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 25 December 1066. He was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert the Devil whom he succeeded as Duke of Normandy in 1035. Claiming that his 2nd cousin King Edward the Confessor had bequeathed him the English throne, William invaded England in September 1066, defeating Harold II Godwineson at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. William's coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. He completed the establishment of feudalism in England, compiling detailed records of land and property in the Domesday Book, and kept the barons firmly under control. He died in Rouen after a fall from his horse and is buried in Caen, France. He was succeeded by his son William II. William's early years were marked by violence and disorder. In 1046 his cousin, Guy of Burgundy, led a revolt which forced the young duke to seek the aid of his overlord, Henry I of France. With Henry's help, William defeated Guy at Val-és-Dunes, and firmly secured control over Normandy. In 1051–52 William and Henry besieged and captured Domfront castle and Alençon in Maine, France. Almost immediately afterwards, William, Count of Arques, rebelled against the duke with the support of Henry I, who was increasingly concerned about Normandy's growing power. William quickly besieged the rebel Arques-la-Bataille castle and it was surrendered to him in 1053. In 1054 Henry I and Geoffrey of Anjou invaded Normandy, but the annihilation of part of their force at Mortimer forced them to withdraw. Their second invasion, in 1057, was defeated at Varaville. In 1051 Edward the Confessor had nominated William as heir to the English throne, but when he died in January 1066 Harold (II) Godwinson was crowned. William immediately began preparations for an invasion of England. On 28 September his forces landed unopposed at Pevensey, Sussex. Harold was in the north of England defeating an invasion led by Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, but immediately marched south to meet William. Their armies clashed in the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. Harold was slain and William achieved a decisive victory. In 1067 William forcibly brought southwest England under his control. In 1068 he marched north and east to establish a number of strategic fortifications. In the summer of 1069 Swein Estrithson of Denmark landed with a considerable force in the Humber and was welcomed by the northern English earls who joined him in expelling the Norman garrison at York. William immediately marched north, destroying everything in his path, and reoccupied York. He undertook a systematic harrying of the north, setting his troops to kill and burn in order to leave nothing that could support future rebellion. The Danish fleet was bought off and departed. In 1072 William led an invasion that forced King Malcolm of Scotland to surrender hostages and swear fealty. In 1073 he was back in France suppressing rebellion in Maine. His regents dealt with a rebellion by the English earls in 1075, and in the latter years of his reign, William twice faced rebellion in Normandy led by his eldest son, Robert (II) Curthose. In 1087 William sacked the French-controlled town of Mantes in the Vexin. In the fighting he suffered a fatal internal injury after being thrown against the pommel of his saddle. He was taken to the priory of Saint-Gervais near Rouen where on 9 September he died.
• To Lady Kathleen: 27 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1035 to 1087; Duke of Normandy
• Occupation: 1066 to 1087; King of England

Notes:

Occupation:
Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feaudalism under which his followers were granted land in return f or pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnell especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book.

William married Matilda, of Flanders in 1053. Matilda (daughter of Count of Flanders Baldwin, V and Princess of France Adela Capet) was born in 1028 in , , Flanders, Belgium; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, , Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Malcolm III Caennmor, Bighead
• Occupation: King of Scotland
• Stories and Notes: Slew Macbeth in 1057
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Malcolm married St. Margaret, of Scotland in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, , Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom. Margaret (daughter of Prince of England Edward and Agatha, of Germany) was born in 1045 in , , , Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, , Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Margaret, the Exile
• Stories and Notes: See Notes
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Notes:

Stories and Notes:
In 1057 she arrived at the English court of Edward the Confessor. Ten years later she was in exile after William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. She fled to Scotland where she was married against her wishes to King Malcolm to whom sh e bore six sons and two daughters. Her unlearned and boorish husband grew daily more graceful and Christian under the queen's graceful influence. Her remains were removed to Escorial Spain and her head Douai, France. Canonised 1250 and her feas t day is 16th November.