Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: King of England - reigned 1714 to 1727
• Stories and Notes: He was the son of the first elector of Hanover, Ernest Augustus (1629–1698), and his wife Sophia who was a granddaughter of James I of England. He was heir through his father to the hereditary lay bishopric of Osnabrück and the duchy of Calenberg, which was one part of the Hanoverian possessions of the house of Brunswick. He acquired the other part by his marriage in 1682 to his cousin Sophia Dorothea of Celle. They had two children George (who later became George II) and Sophia (who married Frederick William of Prussia in 1706 and was the mother of Frederick the Great). It was not a happy marriage. George had several mistresses, and his wife Sophia eloped with Swedish Count Philip Konigsmark who in 1694 mysteriously disappeared believed killed with George’s connivance and his body thrown in a river. Sophia was imprisoned in Castle Ahlden in Celle where she remained until she died 30 years later. In England Queen Anne had no surviving children and in 1701 Parliament passed the Act of Settlement to ensure a Protestant line of succession and oppose the claim of the Catholic James Edward Stuart. George’s mother Sophia became heiress to the British throne, but she died in May 1714 a few weeks before Queen Anne so when Anne died in August that year George became King George I of Great Britain. George arrived in England aged 54 speaking only a few words of English, with 18 cooks and two mistresses one very fat and the other thin and tall who became nicknamed ‘Elephant and Castle’ after an area in London. In Hanover he was absolute ruler but in England found that he had to work with Parliament and his Whig ministers particularly Lord Townshend who was dismissed, Earl Stanhope and Robert Walpole. The king grew frustrated in his attempts to control Parliament and more and more dependent upon his advisers as scandal surrounded him; his supporters turned against him, demanding freedom of action as the price of reconciliation. George rarely attended meetings with his ministers, and particularly Walpole became powerful and effectively Britain’s first Prime Minister. Jacobite rebellions in Scotland in 1715 led by Lord Mar, and in 1719 supported by Spanish troops intending to place James Edward Stuart (‘The old Pretender’) on throne found little support and were quickly defeated. The ‘South Sea Bubble’ in which shares in companies were purchased in rash financial speculation before a stock market crash in 1720 left many investors ruined, and George was implicated in the scandal. Walpole’s management of the crisis by rescheduling debts and paying compensation using Government money helped return financial stability. George quarrelled with his son George (a trait inherited by successive Hanoverian kings) and became increasingly unpopular. He spent more and more time in Hanover where he died of a stroke in 1727.
• To Lady Kathleen: 9 x cousin 11 times removed

Notes:

Died:
Died of a stroke

George married Duchess of Brunswick - Luneburg Sophia Dorothea on 21 Nov 1682 in Castle Chapel, Heidelberg, Germany, and was divorced. Sophia was born on 5 Sep 1666 in Celle Castle, Germany; died on 13 Nov 1726 in Castle of Ahlden, Hanover, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. King of England George Augustus Hanover, II was born on 30 Oct 1683 in Herrenhausen Palace, Hannover, , Niedersachsen, Germany; died on 25 Oct 1760 in Kensington Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom.

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Duke of Brunswick-Lunen, 9th Elector of Hanover. Bishop of Osnaburg

Erest married Sophia Wittelsbach on 30 Sep 1658 in Castle Chapel, Heidelberg, Germany. Sophia (daughter of King of Bohemia Frederick Wittelsbach, V and Queen of Bohemia Elizabeth Stuart) was born on 13 Oct 1630 in Wassenaer Court, The Hague, Holland; died on 8 Jun 1714 in Schloss Herrenhausen, Hannover, Germany. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Frederick V of Palatinate
• Occupation: King of Bohemia

Frederick married Queen of Bohemia Elizabeth Stuart on 14 Feb 1613 in Chapel Royal, Whitehall Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. Elizabeth (daughter of King of England and Scotland James Stuart, I & VI and Anne Oldenburg) was born on 19 Aug 1596 in Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, , Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom; died on 13 Feb 1662 in Leicester House, St Martin's, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Elizabeth, The Winter Queen
• Occupation: Queen of Bohemia

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: King of England - reigned 1603 to 1625, And King of Scotland reigned 1567 to 1625
• Stories and Notes: Books
• Stories and Notes: James was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and her second husband Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley. He was descended through the Scottish kings from Robert the Bruce, and the English Tudors through his great grandmother Margaret Tudor sister of Henry VIII. His parent’s marriage was short-lived and Darnley was found murdered 8 months after James was born in June 1566. His mother married again, but in 1567 was forced to renounce the throne of Scotland in favour of her infant son. James became King James VI of Scotland aged 13 months in July 1567, and was crowned at Stirling. Mary fled to England where she was eventually executed following Catholic plots against Elizabeth I in 1587. His childhood and adolescence were unhappy, abnormal, and precarious; he had various guardians, whose treatment of him differed widely. His education, although thorough, was weighted with strong Presbyterian and Calvinist political doctrine, and his character – highly intelligent and sensitive, but also fundamentally shallow, vain, and exhibitionist – reacted violently to this. He also sought solace with extravagant and unsavoury male favourites who, in later years, were to have a damaging effect on his prestige and state affairs. A suitable Queen was found for him in Anne of Denmark and they were married in 1589. As King of Scotland, he curbed the power of the nobility, although his attempts to limit the authority of the Kirk (Church of Scotland) were less successful. When Elizabeth I of England died in 1603 unmarried, James moved to London and was crowned King James I of England the first of the Stuart Kings of the combined crowns of England and Scotland. The English courtiers were wary of his Scottish favourites, affairs with male courtiers and uncouth ways. He was however a supporter of literature and arts. William Shakespeare was among the ‘Kings Men’ troupe of actors who performed plays for their patron James. He commissioned the King James Authorized Version of the Bible, published in 1611, which remains one of the most important English translations of the Bible. He initially acted mainly upon the advice of Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, but on Salisbury’s death all restraint vanished. His religious policy consisted of asserting the supreme authority and divine right of the crown and suppressing both Puritans and Catholics who objected. Guy Fawkes' attempt to blow up Parliament in 1605 produced an anti-Catholic reaction, which gave James a temporary popularity which soon dissipated. His foreign policy aimed primarily at achieving closer relations with Spain was not liked by Parliament who saw Spain as the Old Catholic enemy of the Armada and competitor for world trade. During his reign the East India Company expanded trade bringing spices from the East, and Jamestown was founded in Virginia. His willingness to compromise politically, even while continuing to talk in terms of absolutism, largely accounts for the superficial stability of his reign. However, the effects of many of his actions were long term, becoming fully obvious only after his death. James and Anne had 8 children only three of whom survived infancy. Their eldest son Henry died aged 18 of typhoid, and their 2nd son Charles became King Charles I. The marriage of their daughter Elizabeth to Frederic V, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, was to result in the eventual Hanoverian succession to the British throne.
• To Lady Kathleen: 6 x cousin 14 times removed
• Stories and Notes: 1603; What God hath conjoined let no man separate. I am the husband and the whole isle is my lawful wife' - James VI of Scotland who also became James I of England on the union of the crowns of Scotland and England, 1603

James married Anne Oldenburg on 23 Nov 1589 in Oslo, Norway. Anne was born on 14 Oct 1574 in Skanderborg Castle, Jutland, Denmark; died on 4 Mar 1619 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Anne of Denmark