Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : William I, The Conqueror
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 25 December 1066. He was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert the Devil whom he succeeded as Duke of Normandy in 1035. Claiming that his 2nd cousin King Edward the Confessor had bequeathed him the English throne, William invaded England in September 1066, defeating Harold II Godwineson at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. William's coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. He completed the establishment of feudalism in England, compiling detailed records of land and property in the Domesday Book, and kept the barons firmly under control. He died in Rouen after a fall from his horse and is buried in Caen, France. He was succeeded by his son William II. William's early years were marked by violence and disorder. In 1046 his cousin, Guy of Burgundy, led a revolt which forced the young duke to seek the aid of his overlord, Henry I of France. With Henry's help, William defeated Guy at Val-és-Dunes, and firmly secured control over Normandy. In 1051–52 William and Henry besieged and captured Domfront castle and Alençon in Maine, France. Almost immediately afterwards, William, Count of Arques, rebelled against the duke with the support of Henry I, who was increasingly concerned about Normandy's growing power. William quickly besieged the rebel Arques-la-Bataille castle and it was surrendered to him in 1053. In 1054 Henry I and Geoffrey of Anjou invaded Normandy, but the annihilation of part of their force at Mortimer forced them to withdraw. Their second invasion, in 1057, was defeated at Varaville. In 1051 Edward the Confessor had nominated William as heir to the English throne, but when he died in January 1066 Harold (II) Godwinson was crowned. William immediately began preparations for an invasion of England. On 28 September his forces landed unopposed at Pevensey, Sussex. Harold was in the north of England defeating an invasion led by Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, but immediately marched south to meet William. Their armies clashed in the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. Harold was slain and William achieved a decisive victory. In 1067 William forcibly brought southwest England under his control. In 1068 he marched north and east to establish a number of strategic fortifications. In the summer of 1069 Swein Estrithson of Denmark landed with a considerable force in the Humber and was welcomed by the northern English earls who joined him in expelling the Norman garrison at York. William immediately marched north, destroying everything in his path, and reoccupied York. He undertook a systematic harrying of the north, setting his troops to kill and burn in order to leave nothing that could support future rebellion. The Danish fleet was bought off and departed. In 1072 William led an invasion that forced King Malcolm of Scotland to surrender hostages and swear fealty. In 1073 he was back in France suppressing rebellion in Maine. His regents dealt with a rebellion by the English earls in 1075, and in the latter years of his reign, William twice faced rebellion in Normandy led by his eldest son, Robert (II) Curthose. In 1087 William sacked the French-controlled town of Mantes in the Vexin. In the fighting he suffered a fatal internal injury after being thrown against the pommel of his saddle. He was taken to the priory of Saint-Gervais near Rouen where on 9 September he died.
• To Lady Kathleen: 27 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1035 to 1087; Duke of Normandy
• Occupation: 1066 to 1087; King of England

Notes:

Occupation:
Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feaudalism under which his followers were granted land in return f or pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnell especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book.

William married Matilda, of Flanders in 1053. Matilda (daughter of Count of Flanders Baldwin, V and Princess of France Adela Capet) was born in 1028 in , , Flanders, Belgium; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, , Basse-Normandie, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : William II, Rufus the Red
• Occupation: King of England reigned 1087 to 1100
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 1087, the third son of William (I) the Conqueror. He spent most of his reign attempting to capture Normandy from his brother Robert (II) Curthose , Duke of Normandy. His extortion of money led his barons to revolt. Malcolm III of Scotland twice invades England in 1091 and 1093 before Malcolm is defeated and killed at the Battle of Alnwick. William also had to deal with rebellions in Northumbria and along the Welsh border. He was killed in 1100 while hunting in the New Forest, Hampshire, and was succeeded by his brother Henry I.
• To Lady Kathleen: 28 x great uncle

Notes:

Died:
struck in the eye by an arrow and killed while hunting in New Forest

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent
• Occupation: 1102; She became a Nun at Cluniac Priory in widowhood

Adela married Count of Blois Stephen Henry, II in 1081. Stephen (son of Count of Blois Theobald, II and Barsende Von Maine) was born in 1045; died on 19 May 1102 in Ramula, Holy Land, Jerusalem, Palstine, Middle East. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Beauclerc, Lion of Justice
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 1100. Youngest son of William the Conqueror, he succeeded his brother William II. He won the support of the Saxons by granting them a charter and marrying a Saxon princess, Edith, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. She was known as Matilda after her marriage, a name more acceptable to the Norman Barons than her Saxon name Edith. Henry's daughter was also called Matilda. He was an able administrator, and established a professional bureaucracy and a system of travelling judges. He was called Beauclerc because of his scholarly interests. In 1101 his elder brother Robert, Duke of Normandy, attempted to seize the crown by invading England. However, after the Treaty of Alton, Robert agreed to recognise his brother Henry as King and returned to Normandy. They fought again in 1106 at Battle of Tinchebrai at which Robert was captured and Henry became Duke of Normandy as well as King of England. Henry's only legitimate son and heir, William, was drowned in 1120 in wreck of the White Ship and Henry tried to settle the succession on his daughter Matilda and her son Henry (later Henry II). However, Matilda widow of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, was unpopular when she re-married into the House of Anjou rival of the House of Normandy. The throne was taken by Henry's nephew Stephen, who, towards the end of his reign, agreed to adopt Matilda's son as his heir. Henry died in Normandy in 1135 of food poisoning according to legend from eating a 'surfeit of Lampreys' (an eel type fish). His body was taken to Rouen and then back to England where he was buried in Reading Abbey. The Abbey was subsequently destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries 1536 to 1541. Plans to try and locate his bones have been announced by the same team who found Richard III's remains in Leicester.
• Web Site: Britannia's Site Page about Henry I, Beauclerc - http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon24.html
• Web Site: Wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England
• To Lady Kathleen: 26 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1100 to 1135; King of England
• Occupation: 1106 to 1135; Duke of Normandy

Notes:

Occupation:
His reign is notable for important legal and administrative reforms, and for the final resolution of the investiture controversy. Abroad, he waged several campaigns in order to consolidate and expand his continental possessions. Was so hated b y his brothers that they vowed to disinherit him. In 1106 he captured Robert and held him until he died. He proved to be a hard but just ruler.

Family/Spouse: Lady Sybil Corbert, of Alcester. Sybil (daughter of Sir Robert Corbert) was born in 1077 in Alcester, Warwickshire, England, United Kingdom; died after 1157. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Edith Canmore on 11 Nov 1100. Edith (daughter of King of Scotland Malcolm Canmore, III and St. Margaret, of Scotland) was born in 1080 in Dunfermline, , Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; was buried in Westminister Abbey, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Adeliza, of Leuven on 29 Jan 1121. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Family/Spouse: Isabel Beaumont. Isabel (daughter of Earl of Leicester Robert Beaumont, I and Isabel Capet) was born in 1104; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Count of Blois, 3rd Count Palatine of Champaigne
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Family/Spouse: Maud, of Carpinthia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Count of Mortain
• Occupation: Duke of Blois
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 1135. A grandson of William the Conqueror, he was elected king in 1135, although he had previously recognized Henry I's daughter Matilda as heiress to the throne. Matilda landed in England in 1139, and civil war disrupted the country with fighting between Stephen and forces loyal to Matilda. Stephen was briefly taken prisoner and Matilda declared Queen until she was defeated at the Battle of Farringdon in 1145. In 1153 Stephen acknowledged Matilda's son, Henry II, as his own heir
• To Lady Kathleen: 25 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1135 to 1144; Duke of Normandy
• Occupation: 1135 to 1154; King of England

Notes:

Occupation:
He siezed the throne from Matilda who invaded England in 1139. The civil war that followed proved him a brave soldier but revealed his lack of political sense. In 1152, after much of the country had been ravaged in factional fighting and the roy al administration had broken down, Stephen recognized Matilda's son Henry as heir to the throne.

Stephen married Queen of England Matilda in 1125 in Westminster, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. Matilda (daughter of Count of Boulogne Eustance, III and Princess of Scotland Mary) was born in 1104 in Boulogne, , , France; died on 3 May 1152 in Hedingham Castle, Castle Hedingham, Essex, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Earl of Glocester
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Notes:

Birth:
est date

Family/Spouse: Mabel Fitz Hamon. Mabel (daughter of Lord of Glamorgan Robert Fitz Hamon and Sibyl Montgomery) was born in 1090 in , , England, United Kingdom; died in 1157. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Joan
• Occupation: Princess of England
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Elizabeth married Lord of Galloway Fergus in 1124 in Carrick, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom. Fergus (son of Lord of Allerdale Maldred Canmore, I and Ealdgyth, of Northumbria) was born in 1058 in Carrick, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom; died in 1161 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Matilda the Empress
• To Lady Kathleen: 24 x great grandmother
• Occupation: 1141 - 1148; Queen of England (disputed)

Notes:

Occupation:
She was designated Henry's heir, and at his death in 1135, Stephen siezed the throne and Matilda invaded England in 1139 inuagurating a period of inconclusive civil war. She and the second husband Geoffrey captured normandy and in 1152 the Treat y of Wallingford recognised Henry as Stephen's heir.

Matilda married Count of England Geoffrey Plantagenet, V on 22 May 1128 in LeMans, Normandy, France. Geoffrey (son of King of Jerusalem Fulk Plantagenet, V and Ermengarde, of Maine) was born on 24 Aug 1113; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Chateau-du-Loir, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Died:
perished in the wreck of the White Ship on 25 November 1120 off the coast of Normandy

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Family/Spouse: King of France Louis Capet, VII. Louis (son of King of France Louis Capet, VI and Adelaide De Maurienne) was born in 1121; died on 18 Sep 1180 in The Seine, Paris, , , France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Count of Champaigne & Brie
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Family/Spouse: Mary Capet. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Mary of Boulogne
• Occupation: Countess of Mortaigne and Abbess of Romsey
• Stories and Notes: Was abducted by Matthew of Flander.
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Mary married Count of Flanders Matthew in 1160 (Annulled). Matthew (son of Count of Flanders Thierry, III and Sibilla Plantagenet) died in 1173. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Some call him Earl of Bristol. He has also been named as Mafonache
• Occupation: Earl of Gloucester
• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

William married Hawise Beaumont in 1150. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Family/Spouse: Earl of Chester Ranulph Gernons De Machines. Ranulph (son of Ranulf De Machines and Lucy Talliebois) was born in 1116 in Gernon Castle, Normandy, France; died on 16 Dec 1153. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Family/Spouse: King of Man Olaf MacLeod, I. Olaf (son of Godred Crovan Haroldson MacLeod) was born in 1102; died in 1143. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Notes:

Died:
Murdered by his nephew Malcom

Family/Spouse: Gunnild Waltheordottir Canmore. Gunnild (daughter of Lord of Allerdale Waltheof Canmore) was born in 1104 in Allerdale, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Gilbert married UnNamed in 1173 in Carrick, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom. UnNamed (daughter of Earl of Fife Donnchad, II) was born in 1126 in Carrick, Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• To Lady Kathleen: Great GrandParent

Family/Spouse: 2nd High Steward of Scottland Alan Fitzwalter Stuart. Alan (son of 3rd High Steward of Scotland Alan Fitzflaad Stuart and Eschyna Demolle) was born in 1140 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrew, Scotland, United Kingdom; died in 1204. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Curtmantle, Fitzempress
• Occupation: Duke of Normandy
• Stories and Notes: King of England 1154–89. The son of Matilda and Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, he succeeded King Stephen (c. 1097–1154). He curbed the power of the barons, but his attempt to bring the church courts under control was abandoned after the murder of Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170. The English conquest of Ireland began during Henry's reign. On several occasions his sons rebelled, notably 1173–74. Henry was succeeded by his son Richard (I) the Lionheart. Henry was lord of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, and Count of Anjou, Brittany, Poitou, Normandy, Maine, and Gascony. He claimed Aquitaine through marriage to the heiress Eleanor in 1152. Henry's many French possessions caused him to live for more than half his reign outside England. This made it essential for him to establish a judicial and administrative system which would work during his absence. His chancellor and friend, Becket, was persuaded to become archbishop of Canterbury in 1162 in the hope that he would help the king curb the power of the ecclesiastical courts. However, once consecrated, Becket felt bound to defend church privileges, and he was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral 1170 by four knights of the king's household. In 1171 Henry invaded Ireland and received homage from the King of Leinster. In 1174 his three sons Henry, Richard and Geoffrey led an unsuccessful rebellion against their father.
• Stories and Notes: Movie Title: Becket Starring: Richard Burton as Thomas a Becket and Peter O'Toole as King Henry II Released: 1964 Production: Paramount
• To Lady Kathleen: 23 x great grandfather
• Occupation: 1154 to 1189; King of England

Notes:

Occupation:
First of the Angevin kings. He ruled an empire that stretched from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostitilties with the French King his own family and rebellious Barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and hisquarre l with Thomas Becket, Henry maintained control over his possessions until shortly before his death. His judicial andadministrative reforms which increased Royal control and influence at the expense of the Barons were of great constitutional impo rtance. Introduced trial by Jury.

Henry married Princess of Aquitaine Eleanor in 1152 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Bordeaux, , Aquitaine, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke of Aquitaine William, X and Eleanor De Rochefoucauld) was born in 1122 in Bordeaux, , Aquitaine, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Abbey of Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , Anjou, , Rhone-Alpes, France; was buried in Abbey of Fontevrault, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, , Anjou, , Rhone-Alpes, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]