16. | King of England Edward Plantagenet, III (11.Edward3, 2.Eleanor2, 1.Ferdinand1) was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 21 Jun 1377 in Sheen Palace, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Other Events and Attributes:
- Stories and Notes: King of England from 1327, son of Edward II. He assumed the government in 1330 from his mother, through whom in 1337 he laid claim to the French throne and thus began the Hundred Years' War. Edward was the victor of Halidon Hill in 1333, Sluys in 1340, Crécy in 1346, and at the siege of Calais 1346–47, and created the Order of the Garter. He was succeeded by his grandson Richard II.
Edward's early experience was against the Scots, including the disastrous Weardale campaign in 1327. Forcing them to battle outside Berwick at Halidon Hill he used a combination of dismounted men-at-arms and archers to crush the Scots. Apart from the naval victory of Sluys his initial campaigns against France were expensive and inconclusive. Resorting to chevauchée (raids through enemy territory), he scored a stunning victory at Crécy, which delivered the crucial bridgehead of Calais into English hands. Due to the brilliant success of his son Edward of Woodstock (Edward the Black Prince) at Poitiers in 1356, and later campaigns, Edward achieved the favourable Treaty of Brétigny in 1360. He gave up personal command in the latter part of his reign. An inspiring leader, his Order of the Garter was a chivalric club designed to bind his military nobility to him, and was widely imitated.
Edward improved the status of the monarchy after his father's chaotic reign. He began by attempting to force his rule on Scotland, winning a victory at Halidon Hill in 1333. During the first stage of the Hundred Years' War, English victories included the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the capture of Calais in 1347. In 1360 Edward surrendered his claim to the French throne, but the war resumed in 1369. During his last years his son John of Gaunt acted as head of government.
- To Lady Kathleen: 18 x great grandfather
- Occupation: 1327 to 1377; King of England
Notes:
Occupation:
Edward assumed effective power in 1330 after imprisoning his mother and executing her lover Roger de Mortimer who had murdered his father; therafter his reign was dominated by military adventures. His victory in Scotland, especially at Haildon H ill 1333 encouraged him to plan (1363) the union of England and Scotland. Through his mother he claimed the French throne thus starting (1337) the Hundred Years War. His son John of Gaunt dominated the government during his last years.
Died:
Died of a Stroke.
Edward married Philippa, of Hainault on 24 Jan 1328 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom. Philippa (daughter of Count of Hainault William, III and Jeanne De Valois) was born on 24 Jun 1311 in Valenciennes, France; died on 14 Aug 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]
Children:
- 23. Prince of Wales Edward Plantagenet was born on 15 Jun 1330 in Woodstock Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 8 Jun 1376 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom.
- 24. Duke of Clarence Lionel Plantagenet was born on 29 Nov 1338 in Antwerp, Brabant, Germany, Antwerp, , Antwerpen, Belgium; died on 17 Oct 1368 in Alba, , , Italy.
- 25. Duke of Lancaster John Plantagenet was born in Mar 1340 in St. Bavon's Abbey, Ghent, Flanders, Netherlands; died on 3 Feb 1399 in Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom.
- 26. Duke of York Edmund Plantagenet was born on 5 Jun 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 6 Aug 1385 in Hoselaw, Teviotdale, England, United Kingdom.
- 27. Duke of Gloucester Thomas Plantagenet was born on 7 Jan 1355 in Woodstock Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 8 Sep 1397 in Prince's Inn, Calais, France.
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