Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Henry VII
• Occupation: King of England - Reigned 1485 to 1509
• Stories and Notes: Henry was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who died before Henry was born, and Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of Edward III through John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. Although the Beaufort line, which was originally illegitimate, had been specifically excluded (1407) from all claim to the throne, the death of the imprisoned Henry VI (1471) made Henry Tudor head of the house of Lancaster. At this point, however, the Yorkist Edward IV had established himself securely on the throne, and Henry, who had been brought up in Wales, fled to Brittany for safety. The death of Edward IV (1483) and accession of Richard III, left Henry the natural leader of the party opposing Richard, whose rule was very unpopular. Henry made an unsuccessful attempt to land in England during the abortive revolt (1483) of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. Thereafter he bided his time in France until 1485 when, aided by other English refugees, he landed in Wales. At the battle of Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, he defeated the royal forces of Richard, who was killed. Henry advanced to London, was crowned, and in 1486 fulfilled a promise made earlier to Yorkist dissidents to marry Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York. He thus united the houses of York and Lancaster, founding the Tudor royal dynasty. Although Henry's accession marked the end of the Wars of the Roses, the early years of his reign were disturbed by Yorkist attempts to regain the throne. The first serious attempt, an uprising in favour of the imposter Lambert Simnel, was easily crushed (1487). In 1494, Henry sent Sir Edward Poynings to Ireland to consolidate English rule there. Poynings drove out of Ireland the Yorkist pretender Perkin Warbeck, who then sought support from the Scottish king, James IV. James attempted (1496) to invade England, but the next year, under pressure from Spain, he expelled Warbeck. The latter was defeated shortly thereafter in an attempted invasion of Cornwall. A truce (1497) between England and Scotland was followed by the marriage (1503) of Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor to James a marriage that led ultimately to the union of the monarchies of England and Scotland. Henry succeeded in crushing the independence of the nobility by means of a policy of forced loans and fines. His chancellor, Cardinal Morton, was made responsible for the collection of these fines, and they were enforced by the privy councillors Empson and Dudley. Henry married his son Arthur to Catharine of Aragón, daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragón and Isabella of Castile, his daughter Margaret to James IV of Scotland, and his youngest daughter Mary to Louis XII of France. After Arthur died in 1502, an agreement was reached by which Catharine married Arthur's brother Henry (later Henry VIII).
• To Lady Kathleen: 3 x cousin 15 times removed

Family/Spouse: Elizabeth Plantagenet. Elizabeth (daughter of King of England Edward Plantagenet, IV) was born on 11 Feb 1466 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom; died on 11 Feb 1503 in Tower of London, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married King of Scotland James Stuart, IV on 8 Aug 1503 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. James (son of King of Scotland James Stuart, III) was born on 17 Mar 1473; died on 9 Sep 1513 in Battle of Flodden, Flodden Field, Branxton, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Henry VIII
• Occupation: King of England - reigned 1509 to 1547
• Stories and Notes: Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536, ostensibly for adultery. Henry's third wife, Jane Seymour, died in 1537. He married Anne of Cleves in 1540 in pursuance of Thomas Cromwell's policy of allying with the German Protestants, but rapidly abandoned this policy, divorced Anne, and beheaded Cromwell. His fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was beheaded in 1542, and the following year he married Catherine Parr, who survived him. Henry ended his reign with the reputation of a tyrant, despite the promise of his earlier years – in 1536 the rebellion known as the Pilgrimage of Grace was viciously suppressed, and advisers of the calibre of More and Bishop John Fisher had died rather than sacrifice their own principles to Henry's will. But the power of the crown had been considerably strengthened by Henry's ecclesiastical policy, and the monastic confiscations gave impetus to the rise of a new nobility which was to become influential in succeeding reigns.
• Stories and Notes: By this time Henry's policy had become dominated by his desire to divorce Catherine because she was too old to give him an heir and he was determined to marry Anne Boleyn. At first there seemed a possibility that the divorce might be granted. The papal legate journeyed to England to hear the case, but Catherine appealed direct to the pope and the court was adjourned. The position was complicated by the fact that Charles V, Catherine's nephew, controlled Rome. Henry then proceeded to act through Parliament, and had the entire body of the clergy in England declared guilty of treason in 1531. The clergy were suitably cowed and agreed to repudiate papal supremacy and recognize Henry as supreme head of the church in England. The English ecclesiastical courts then pronounced his marriage to Catherine null and void and he married Anne Boleyn in 1533
• Stories and Notes: Hello Lady Kathleen! I’m the G.G. Granddaughter of Capt. A.G Edwin Smith of St. Paul’s Anglican Church of England. His son Alexander George Smith Jr. is my G-Grandfather aka: George Smith, both are interperters of the St. Paul’s Church of England. And George Smith Jr. is Jay Silverheels-Smith aka: ‘Tonto’ of the Lone Ranger Series. His daughter is my Grandma: Mary Margaret (Maggie Mitchell-Smith. And he used many names to hide his idenity and protect his family from persecution. His Family is the “Last of Jesus’s Blood-lines and the true owners of King Tut’s Fortunes and Items. We have never stepped forward so, you will enjoy knowing this. His Daughter Mary Margaret Mitchell, Married Charles Frank Lung of Salisbury, Pa. (Names for Salisbury, England which is in Somerset Country, Pa. Mary (Maggie) Mitchell-Smith had 13 Children and half are still living today. There are many offspring from all of her Children and a Long Line! And I know we are of the Tudor Line and Lady Katheryn Gray’s and she was King Henry VIII Youngest daughter. My G-Grandpa Jay Silverheels told me our History when I was very young and all the names I was told are those here on, “The Enchanted Families!” I’m please to meet You! My e-mail is xxxxxxxxxxxx if you would need more proofs. I have my DNA I had done professionally and how I fit into the UnKnown Linage of Alexander George Smith Jr. and his family, which also ties into William ‘Billy’ Smith and General George Patton Smith. We are related to all the most famous people in the World and the most Ancient of Ancients. Thank You for this site, it makes me very proud of the both of us!!! God Bless You and You are very Lovely! Sincerely: Deborah Pearl Lung/Judge (Dee Jay Silverheels)
• Stories and Notes: Henry through Thomas Cromwell continued his attack on the church with the suppression of the monasteries (1536–39); their lands were confiscated and granted to his supporters. However, although he laid the ground for the English Reformation by the separation from Rome, he had little sympathy with Protestant dogmas. As early as 1521 a pamphlet which he had written against Lutheranism had won him the title of Fidei Defensor from the Pope, and Henry's own religious views are quite clearly expressed in the Statute of Six Articles in 1539 which instituted the orthodox Catholic tenets as necessary conditions for Christian belief. As a result Protestants were being burnt for heresy even while Catholics were being executed for refusing to take the oath of supremacy.
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 1509, when he succeeded his father Henry VII and married Catherine of Aragon, the widow of his elder brother Arthur. During the period 1513–29 Henry pursued an active foreign policy, largely under the guidance of his Lord Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, who shared Henry's desire to make England stronger. Wolsey was replaced by Thomas More in 1529 for failing to persuade the Pope to grant Henry a divorce.
• Stories and Notes: Movie Title: Henry VIII: The Tudors Starring: Jonathon Rhys Meyers as King Henry VIII Released: 2007 Production: Reveille Productions
• Stories and Notes: ‘We are, by the sufferance of God, King of England; and the Kings of England in times past never had any superior but God’ – Henry VIII
• To Lady Kathleen: 4 x cousin 14 times removed

Henry married Catherine, of Aragon on 11 Jun 1509 (Annulled) in Grey Friars Church, Greenwich, Kent, England, United Kingdom. Catherine was born on 15 Dec 1485 in Alcala de Henares, , Madrid, Spain; died on 7 Jan 1536 in Kimbolton Castle, Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Marchioness of Pembroke Anne Boleyn on 25 Jan 1533 (Annulled) in Westminster, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. Anne was born in 1501 in Blickling Hall, Blickling, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom; died on 19 May 1536 in Tower of London, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Jane Seymour on 20 May 1536 in York Place, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. Jane was born in 1505 in Wolf Hall, Savernake, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 24 Oct 1537 in Hampton Court Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Anne, of Cleaves in 1540, and was divorced. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Howard on 28 Jul 1540. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Henry married Catherine Parr in 1543. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Duke of Suffolk Charles Brandon on 3 Mar 1515 in The Seine, Paris, , , France. Charles was born in 1484; died on 22 Aug 1545 in Guildford Palace, Guildford, Surrey, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: King of Scotland reigned 1513 to 1542

Family/Spouse: Mary, of Lorraine. Mary was born on 22 Nov 1515 in Bar-le-Duc, , Lorraine, France; died on 10 Jun 1560 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, , Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Queen of England reigned 1553 to 1558
• Stories and Notes: Queen of England from 1553. She was the eldest daughter of Henry VIII by Catherine of Aragón. When Edward VI died, Mary secured the crown without difficulty in spite of the conspiracy to substitute Lady Jane Grey. In 1554 Mary married Philip II of Spain, and as a devout Roman Catholic obtained the restoration of papal supremacy and sanctioned the persecution of Protestants. The number of executions earned her the name 'Bloody Mary'. She was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I.
• To Lady Kathleen: 5 x cousin 13 times removed

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Queen of England reigned 1558 to 1603
• Stories and Notes: Movie Title: Elizabeth I: The Golden Age Starring: Cate Blanchett as Queen Elizabeth I Released: 2007 Production: Universal Pictures
• Stories and Notes: Queen of England (1558–1603), the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Through her Religious Settlement of 1559 she enforced the Protestant religion by law. She had Mary Queen of Scots executed in 1587. Her conflict with Roman Catholic Spain led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. The Elizabethan age was expansionist in commerce and geographical exploration, and arts and literature flourished. The rulers of many European states made unsuccessful bids to marry Elizabeth, and she used these bids to strengthen her power. She was succeeded by James I. Elizabeth was born at Greenwich, London on 7 September 1533. She was well educated in several languages. During her Roman Catholic half-sister Mary's (Mary I) reign, Elizabeth's Protestant sympathies brought her under suspicion, and she lived in seclusion at Hatfield, Hertfordshire, until on Mary's death she became queen. Her first task was to bring about a broad religious settlement. Many unsuccessful attempts were made by Parliament to persuade Elizabeth to marry or settle the succession. She found courtship a useful political weapon, and she maintained friendships with, among others, the courtiers Leicester, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Essex. She was known as the Virgin Queen. The arrival in England in 1568 of Mary Queen of Scots and her imprisonment by Elizabeth caused a political crisis, and a rebellion of the feudal nobility of the north followed in 1569. Friction between English and Spanish sailors hastened the breach with Spain. When the Dutch rebelled against Spanish tyranny Elizabeth secretly encouraged them; Philip II retaliated by aiding Catholic conspiracies against her. This undeclared war continued for many years, until the landing of an English army in the Netherlands in 1585 and Mary's execution in 1587, brought it into the open. Philip's Armada (the fleet sent to invade England in 1588) met with total disaster. The war with Spain continued with varying fortunes to the end of the reign, while events at home foreshadowed the conflicts of the 17th century. Among the Puritans discontent was developing with Elizabeth's religious settlement, and several were imprisoned or executed. Parliament showed a new independence, and in 1601 forced Elizabeth to retreat on the question of the crown granting manufacturing and trading monopolies. Yet her prestige remained unabated, as shown by the failure of Essex's rebellion in 1601.
• To Lady Kathleen: 5 x cousin 13 times removed

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: King of England - reigned 1547 to 1553
• Stories and Notes: King of England from 1547, only son of Henry VIII and his third wife, Jane Seymour. The government was entrusted to his uncle the Duke of Somerset (who fell from power in 1549), and then to the Earl of Warwick, later created Duke of Northumberland. He was succeeded by his sister Mary I. Edward became a staunch Protestant, and during his reign the Reformation progressed. He died of tuberculosis, and his will, probably prepared by the Duke of Northumberland, set aside that of his father so as to exclude his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, from the succession. He nominated Lady Jane Grey, a granddaughter of Henry VII, who had recently married Northumberland's son Lord Guildford Dudley and wanted to maintain a Protestant succession. Jane was just 16 years old but although proclaimed queen by Northumberland she was unwilling and not crowned. Meanwhile, Henry's catholic daughter Mary, Edwards half sister, was also proclaimed queen. The situation was resolved when 9 days later Mary and her supporters rode into London and she was accepted as queen and crowned.
• To Lady Kathleen: 5 x cousin 13 times removed

Family/Spouse: Duke of Suffolk Henry Grey. Henry was born on 17 Jan 1517; died on 23 Feb 1554 in Tower Hill, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Also Known As : Mary (Queen of Scots)
• Occupation: 1542 to 1567; Queen of Scotland

Notes:

Occupation:
Her rules was opposed by a confederation of Scottish nobles, headed by her bastard brother, the Regent Moray, and to these she was forced to surrender at Carberry Hill 15 Jun 1567. The Queen was compelled to sign a formal resignation of the crow n to her son James. She escaped and fought the battle of Langside 13 May 1568. She fled to England but was captured and executed after 19 years in prison.

Died:
executed

Mary married Lord of Darnley Henry Stuart on 29 Jul 1565 in Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. Henry was born on 7 Dec 1545 in Temple Newsham, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom; died on 10 Feb 1567 in Provost's House, Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events and Attributes:

• Occupation: Queen of England reigned 1553
• Stories and Notes: When Edward VI died, Mary secured the crown without difficulty in spite of the conspiracy to substitute Lady Jane Grey.
• To Lady Kathleen: 6 x cousin 12 times removed