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King of England and Scotland Charles Stuart, I

King of England and Scotland Charles Stuart, I

Male 1600 - 1649  (48 years)

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  • Name Charles Stuart 
    Title King of England 
    Prefix and Scotland 
    Suffix I 
    Relationshipwith Kathleen Alice Jones-Rouse
    Birth 19 Nov 1600  Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, , Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Gender Male 
    Occupation 1625 to 1649 
    King of England 
    • First English King to be publicly executed. He believed that God had made him a King, so he did not need to consult his subjects. He managed to rule without a Parliament until 1640, and tried to force his Scottish subjects to accept English Chur ch services. When this led to a war he could not afford, he promised to share some of his power with Parliament. People no longer trusted him and England slid into Civil War.
    Occupation 1625 to 1649 
    King of Scotland 
    Stories and Notes Charles was the 2nd son of James VI of Scotland (James 1 of England) and Anne of Denmark. He was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and became heir to the throne on the death of his brother Henry in 1612. His father favoured marriage to the Spanish infanta Maria Anna, but Parliament was hostile to Spain and in 1625 he married Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV of France. Their children included Charles and James (who became Charles II and James II), and Mary who married William II of Orange and was the mother of William III. 
    Stories and Notes The Battle of Edgehill, Warwickshire, in October 1642 between Royalist forces and Parliamentary forces favoured the Royalists but the outcome was inconclusive. The war continued indecisively through 1643 and 1644. Charles's defeat at the Battle of Naseby, near Leicester, in June 1645 by Oliver Cromwell’s New Model Army ended all hopes of Royalist victory. In April 1646 Charles escaped the Siege of Oxford and surrendered at Newark, Nottinghamshire, to the Scots, who handed him over to Parliament in January 1647. In June the Cromwell’s army seized him and carried him off to Hampton Court palace, near London. While the army leaders strove to find a settlement, Charles secretly intrigued for a Scottish invasion. In November he escaped, but was recaptured and held at Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight. A Scottish invasion followed in 1648, but was shattered by Cromwell at Preston, Lancashire. In January 1649 the House of Commons set up a high court of justice, which tried Charles and condemned him to death. He was beheaded on 30 January 1649 in front of the Banqueting House in Whitehall, London. There followed a period known as the English Commonwealth ruled by Cromwell through parliament. 
    Stories and Notes The Short Parliament, which met April 1640, refused to grant money until grievances were redressed, and was dissolved after just 3 weeks. The Scots then advanced into England and forced their own terms on Charles. The Long Parliament assembled under in November 1640 under John Pym, passed an Act that prevented it from being dissolved without its own consent. Laud and other ministers were imprisoned, and Strafford condemned to death. There was now direct confrontation between Charles and Parliament. After the failure of his attempt to arrest five parliamentary leaders on 4 January 1642, Charles, confident that he had substantial support among those who believed that Parliament was becoming too Puritanical and zealous, withdrew from London, and on 22 August declared war on Parliament by raising his standard at Nottingham and beginning the English Civil War of 1642 to 1648. 
    Stories and Notes When Charles I succeeded his father in 1625, friction with Parliament began at once. Charles believed in his divine right as king and struggled to control Parliament who resented his attempts at absolute rule. One of his first acts was to dissolve parliament in 1625, and again in 1626 after attempts to impeach the Duke of Buckingham over war against Spain and support of the French Huguenots. Charles forced an unpopular ‘Ship Money’ tax to raise funds without the consent of Parliament. In 1628 Charles was presented with the Petition of Right a declaration of the “rights and liberties of the subject", which he reluctantly agreed to. However, in 1629 he dissolved Parliament again, imprisoned its leaders and ruled without a Parliament from 1629 to 1640. His advisers Earl Strafford and Archbishop Laud persecuted the Puritans, and provoked the Presbyterian Scots Covenanters to revolt when Laud attempted to introduce the English Book of Common Prayer. 
    To Lady Kathleen 7 x cousin 13 times removed 
    Death 30 Jan 1649  Whitehall Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location 
    • beheaded
    Person ID I3312  Enchanted Family Tree
    Last Modified 6 Sep 2020 

    Father King of England and Scotland James Stuart, I & VI,   b. 19 Jun 1566, Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, , Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 27 Mar 1625, Theobalds Park, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 58 years) 
    Mother Anne Oldenburg,   b. 14 Oct 1574, Skanderborg Castle, Jutland, Denmark Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 4 Mar 1619, Hampton Court Palace, Richmond, Surrey, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 44 years) 
    Marriage 23 Nov 1589  Oslo, Norway Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Family ID F1810  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

    Family Henrietta Maria De Bourbon,   b. 26 Nov 1609, Hotel du Louvre, Paris, France Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 31 Aug 1669, Chateau St Colombes, Near Paris, France Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 59 years) 
    Marriage 13 Jun 1625  St. Augustine's Church, Canterbury, Kent, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location 
    Children 
     1. King of England and Scotland Charles Stuart, II,   b. 29 May 1630, St. James Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 6 Feb 1685, Whitehall Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 54 years)
    +2. Princess of Royal Mary Henrietta Stuart,   b. 4 Nov 1631, St. James Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 24 Dec 1660, Whitehall Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 29 years)
    +3. King of England and Scotland James Stuart, II & VII,   b. 14 Oct 1633, St. James Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Find all individuals with events at this locationd. 6 Sep 1701, St. Germain-en-Laye, France Find all individuals with events at this location (Age 67 years)
    Family ID F1811  Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
    Last Modified 14 Mar 2012 

  • Event Map
    Link to Google MapsBirth - 19 Nov 1600 - Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, , Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom Link to Google Earth
    Link to Google MapsMarriage - 13 Jun 1625 - St. Augustine's Church, Canterbury, Kent, England, United Kingdom Link to Google Earth
    Link to Google MapsDeath - 30 Jan 1649 - Whitehall Palace, London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom Link to Google Earth
     = Link to Google Earth 

  • Photos
    Charles I of England    		Charles I of England